Alimentação artificial de Rhipicephalus microplus: Avaliação do efeito de anticorpos policlonais
Palavras-chave:
Vector, anticorpos policlonais, alimentação artificial, Babesiose, Boophilus
Resumo
As carraças são ectoparasitas hematófagos obrigatórios que transmitem uma grande variedade de agentes patogénicos sendo considerados os principais vectores de doenças no caso de animais. Os piroplasmas Babesia bovis e B. bigemina são transmitidos essencialmente por carraças Rhipicephalus microplus e R. annulatus, consideradas os ectoparasitas de maior impacto económico na produção de gado. O método mais utilizado no controlo destes vectores continua a ser o uso de acaridas apesar das desvantagens que apresentam. As vacinas contra carraças não têm tido o impacto esperado devido à dificuldade em identificar antigénios eficazes. O antigénio calreticulina foi identificado em R. annulatus num estudo anterior onde foi demonstrado o seu envolvimento no processo de infecção por B. bigemina. Para testar este antigénio em ensaios de vacinação, a sua caracterização prévia é essencial. Uma alternativa de baixo custo para testar antigénios é a observação dos efeitos biológicos causados pela inoculação na carraça de drogas ou anticorpos contra uma determinada proteína. A alimentação artificial de carraças, apesar de não permitir a substituição de ensaios em gado, possibilita a obtenção de dados críticos na selecção de antigénios optimizando recursos. No estudo aqui apresentado pretendemos avaliar o efeito de anticorpos policlonais anti-antigénios de interesse no processo de alimentação e infecção, em carraças fêmea, R. microplus, alimentadas artificialmente.
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Referências
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tick-borne diseases; in Press TNA (ed) Critical needs and gaps in understanding prevention,
amelioration, and resolution of lyme and other tick-borne diseases. Washington,
D.C., The National Academies Press, 2011, pp 49-53.
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S14.
3. Almazan C, Lagunes R, Villar M, Canales M, Rosario-Cruz R, Jongejan F, de la Fuente
J: Identification and characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus candidate
protective antigens for the control of cattle tick infestations. Parasitology Research
2010;106:471-479.
4. Peter RJ, Van den Bossche P, Penzhorn BL, Sharp B: Tick, fly, and mosquito control
- lessons from the past, solutions for the future. Journal of the South African Veterinary
Association-Tydskrif Van Die Suid-Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging 2009;80:121-121.
5. Suarez CE, Noh S: Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and
anaplasmosis. Veterinary Parasitology 2011;180:109-125.
6. Graf JF, Gogolewski R, Leach-Bing N, Sabatini GA, Molento MB, Bordin EL, Arantes
GJ: Tick control: An industry point of view. Parasitology 2004;129:S427-S442.
7. George JE, Pound JM, Davey RB: Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance
of these parasites to acaricides. Parasitology 2004;129:S353-S366.
8. Guerrero FD, Miller RJ, de Leon AAP: Cattle tick vaccines: Many candidate antigens,
but will a commercially viable product emerge? International Journal for Parasitology
2012;42:421-427.
9. de la Fuente J, Kocan KM, Blouin EF: Tick vaccines and the transmission of tick-borne
pathogens. Veterinary Research Communications 2007;31:85-90.
10. Merino O, Alberdi P, Pérez de la Lastra J, de la Fuente J: Tick vaccines and the control
of tick-borne pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013;3
11. Canales M, Almazan C, Naranjo V, Jongejan F, de la Fuente J: Vaccination with recombinant
boophilus annulatus bm86 ortholog protein, ba86, protects cattle against b-
-annulatus and b-microplus infestations. Bmc Biotechnology 2009;9
12. Rodriguez M, Rubiera R, Penichet M, Montesinos R, Cremata J, Falcon V, Sanchez
G, Bringas R, Cordoves C, Valdes M, Lleonart R, Herrera L, Delafuente J: High-level
expression of the b-microplus bm86 antigen in the yeast pichia-pastoris forming highly
immunogenic particles for cattle. Journal of Biotechnology 1994;33:135-146.
13. Willadsen P, Riding GA, McKenna RV, Kemp DH, Tellam RL, Nielsen JN, Lahnstein J,
Cobon GS, Gough JM: Immunological control of a parasitic arthropod - identification of
a protective antigen from boophilus-microplus. Journal of Immunology 1989;143:1346-
1351.
14. Willadsen P: Tick control: Thoughts on a research agenda. Veterinary Parasitology
2006;138:161-168.
15. Parizi LF, Githaka NW, Logullo C, Konnai S, Masuda A, Ohashi K, Vaz IdS, Jr.: The
quest for a universal vaccine against ticks: Cross-immunity insights. Veterinary Journal
2012;194:158-165.
16. Almazan C, Kocan KM, Bergman DK, Garcia-Garcia JC, Blouin EF, de la Fuente J:
Identification of protective antigens for the control of ixodes scapularis infestations using
cdna expression library immunization. Vaccine 2003;21:1492-1501.
17. Diatchenko L, Lukyanov S, Lau YFC, Siebert PD: Suppression subtractive hybridization:
A versatile method for identifying differentially expressed genes. Cdna Preparation
and Characterization 1999;303:349-380.
18. Antunes S, Galindo RC, Almazan C, Rudenko N, Golovchenko M, Grubhoffer L,
Shkap V, do Rosario V, de la Fuente J, Domingos A: Functional genomics studies of rhipicephalus
(boophilus) annulatus ticks in response to infection with the cattle protozoan
parasite, babesia bigemina. International Journal for Parasitology 2012;42:187-195.
19. Drewes CC, Dias RYS, Hebeda CB, Simons SM, Barreto SA, Ferreira Junior JM,
Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Farsky SHP: Actions of the kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor
amblyomin-x on vegf-a-induced angiogenesis. Toxicon 2012;60:333-340.
20. Maritz-Olivier C, van Zyl W, Stutzer C: A systematic, functional genomics, and reverse
vaccinology approach to the identification of vaccine candidates in the cattle tick,
rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases 2012;3:179-187.
21. Mulenga A, Kim TK, Ibelli AMG: Deorphanization and target validation of cross-tick
species conserved novel amblyomma americanum tick saliva protein. International Journal
for Parasitology 2013;43:439-451.
22. Shahein YE, Abouelella AM, Hussein NA, Hamed RR, El-Hakim AE, Abdel-Shafy S,
Tork SE: Identification of four novel rhipicephalus annulatus upregulated salivary gland
proteins as candidate vaccines. The protein journal 2013;32:392-398.
23. Heekin A, Guerrero F, Bendele K, Saldivar L, Scoles G, Dowd S, Gondro C, Nene V,
Djikeng A, Brayton K: Gut transcriptome of replete adult female cattle ticks, rhipicephalus
(boophilus) microplus, feeding upon a babesia bovis-infected bovine host. Parasitol
Res 2013;Jun 10. [Epub ahead of print]
24. Persson S, Rosenquist M, Sommarin M: Identification of a novel calreticulin isoform
(crt2) in human and mouse. Gene 2002;297:151-158.
25. Kaewhom P, Stich RW, Needham GR, Jittapalapong S: Molecular analysis of calreticulin
expressed in salivary glands of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus indigenous
to thailand. Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases: Prediction and Prevention
2008;1149:53-57.
26. Gao J, Luo J, Fan R, Fingerle V, Guan G, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhao H, Ma M, Liu J, Liu A, Ren
Q, Dang Z, Sugimoto C, Yin H: Cloning and characterization of a cdna clone encoding
calreticulin from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (acari : Ixodidae). Parasitology Research
2008;102:737-746.
27. Parizi LF, Rech H, Sanchez Ferreira CA, Imamura S, Ohashi K, Onuma M, Masuda
A, Vaz IdS, Jr.: Comparative immunogenicity of haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus
(boophilus) microplus calreticulins. Veterinary Parasitology 2009;164:282-290.
28. Rachinsky A, Guerrero FD, Scoles GA: Proteomic profiling of rhipicephalus (boophilus)
microplus midgut responses to infection with babesia bovis. Veterinary Parasitology
2008;152:294-313.
29. Willadsen P, Kemp DH, McKenna RV: Bloodmeal ingestion and utilization as a component
of host specificity in the tick, boophilus-microplus. Zeitschrift Fur Parasitenkunde-
Parasitology Research 1984;70:415-420.
30. Loomis EC: Rearing of boophilus-microplus (acarina-ixodidae) on laboratory rabbit.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1971;64:598.
31. Gonsioroski AV, Bezerra IA, Utiumi KU, Driemeier D, Farias SE, Vaz IdS, Jr., Masuda
A: Anti-tick monoclonal antibody applied by artificial capillary feeding in rhipicephalus
(boophilus) microplus females. Experimental Parasitology 2012;130:359-363.
32. Almazan C, Blas-Machado U, Kocan KM, Yoshioka JH, Blouin EF, Mangold AJ, de la
Fuente J: Characterization of three ixodes scapularis cdnas protective against tick infestations.
Vaccine 2005;23:4403-4416.
33. Broadwater AH, Sonenshine DE, Hynes WL, Ceraul S, De Silva AM: Glass capillary
tube feeding: A method for infecting nymphal ixodes scapularis (acari : Ixodidae)
with the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. Journal of Medical Entomology
2002;39:285-292.
34. Matsuo T, Inoue N, Ruheta MR, Taylor D, Fujisaki K: Tickcidal effect of monoclonal
antibodies against hemocytes, om21, in an adult female tick, ornithodoros moubata (acari
: Argasidae). Journal of Parasitology 2004;90:715-720.
35. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time
quantitative pcr and the 2(t)(-delta delta c) method. Methods 2001;25:402-408.
36. Schefe JH, Lehmann KE, Buschmann IR, Unger T, Funke-Kaiser H: Quantitative real-
-time rt-pcr data analysis: Current concepts and the novel “Gene expression’s c-t difference”
Formula. Journal of Molecular Medicine-Jmm 2006;84:901-910.
37. Zivkovic Z, Torina A, Mitra R, Alongi A, Scimeca S, Kocan KM, Galindo RC, Almazan
C, Blouin EF, Villar M, Nijhof AM, Mani R, La Barbera G, Caracappa S, Jongejan F, de
la Fuente J: Subolesin expression in response to pathogen infection in ticks. Bmc Immunology
2010;11:12.
38. Fliegel L, Burns K, Maclennan DH, Reithmeier RAF, Michalak M: Molecular-cloning
of the high-affinity calcium-binding protein (calreticulin) of skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic-
reticulum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1989;264:21522-21528.
39. Guglielmone AA, Mangold AJ, Aguirre DH, Gaido AB, Deolsen AA: The effect of
infection by babesia sp on some biological parameters of engorged females of boophilus
microplus. Folia Parasitologica 1989;36:1-6.
40. Cen-Aguilar JF, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Dominguez-Alpizar JL, Wagner GG: Studies
on the effect of infection by babesia sp. On oviposition of boophilus microplus engorged
females naturally infected in the mexican tropics. Veterinary Parasitology 1998;78:253-
257.
41. Jaworski DC, Simmen FA, Lamoreaux W, Coons LB, Muller MT, Needham GR: A
secreted calreticulin protein in ixodid tick (amblyomma-americanum) saliva. Journal of
Insect Physiology 1995;41:369-375.
42. Michalak M, Corbett EF, Mesaeli N, Nakamura K, Opas M: Calreticulin: One protein,
one gene, many functions. Biochemical Journal 1999;344:281-292.
43. Xu GA, Fang QQ, Keirans JE, Durden LA: Cloning and sequencing of putative
calreticulin complementary dnas from four hard tick species. Journal of Parasitology
2004;90:73-78.
44. Ferreira CAS, Vaz ID, da Silva SS, Haag KL, Valenzuela JG, Masuda A: Cloning and
partial characterization of a boophilus microplus (acari : Ixodidae) calreticulin. Experimental
Parasitology 2002;101:25-34.
tick-borne diseases; in Press TNA (ed) Critical needs and gaps in understanding prevention,
amelioration, and resolution of lyme and other tick-borne diseases. Washington,
D.C., The National Academies Press, 2011, pp 49-53.
2. Jongejan F, Uilenberg G: The global importance of ticks. Parasitology 2004;129:S3-
S14.
3. Almazan C, Lagunes R, Villar M, Canales M, Rosario-Cruz R, Jongejan F, de la Fuente
J: Identification and characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus candidate
protective antigens for the control of cattle tick infestations. Parasitology Research
2010;106:471-479.
4. Peter RJ, Van den Bossche P, Penzhorn BL, Sharp B: Tick, fly, and mosquito control
- lessons from the past, solutions for the future. Journal of the South African Veterinary
Association-Tydskrif Van Die Suid-Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging 2009;80:121-121.
5. Suarez CE, Noh S: Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and
anaplasmosis. Veterinary Parasitology 2011;180:109-125.
6. Graf JF, Gogolewski R, Leach-Bing N, Sabatini GA, Molento MB, Bordin EL, Arantes
GJ: Tick control: An industry point of view. Parasitology 2004;129:S427-S442.
7. George JE, Pound JM, Davey RB: Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance
of these parasites to acaricides. Parasitology 2004;129:S353-S366.
8. Guerrero FD, Miller RJ, de Leon AAP: Cattle tick vaccines: Many candidate antigens,
but will a commercially viable product emerge? International Journal for Parasitology
2012;42:421-427.
9. de la Fuente J, Kocan KM, Blouin EF: Tick vaccines and the transmission of tick-borne
pathogens. Veterinary Research Communications 2007;31:85-90.
10. Merino O, Alberdi P, Pérez de la Lastra J, de la Fuente J: Tick vaccines and the control
of tick-borne pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013;3
11. Canales M, Almazan C, Naranjo V, Jongejan F, de la Fuente J: Vaccination with recombinant
boophilus annulatus bm86 ortholog protein, ba86, protects cattle against b-
-annulatus and b-microplus infestations. Bmc Biotechnology 2009;9
12. Rodriguez M, Rubiera R, Penichet M, Montesinos R, Cremata J, Falcon V, Sanchez
G, Bringas R, Cordoves C, Valdes M, Lleonart R, Herrera L, Delafuente J: High-level
expression of the b-microplus bm86 antigen in the yeast pichia-pastoris forming highly
immunogenic particles for cattle. Journal of Biotechnology 1994;33:135-146.
13. Willadsen P, Riding GA, McKenna RV, Kemp DH, Tellam RL, Nielsen JN, Lahnstein J,
Cobon GS, Gough JM: Immunological control of a parasitic arthropod - identification of
a protective antigen from boophilus-microplus. Journal of Immunology 1989;143:1346-
1351.
14. Willadsen P: Tick control: Thoughts on a research agenda. Veterinary Parasitology
2006;138:161-168.
15. Parizi LF, Githaka NW, Logullo C, Konnai S, Masuda A, Ohashi K, Vaz IdS, Jr.: The
quest for a universal vaccine against ticks: Cross-immunity insights. Veterinary Journal
2012;194:158-165.
16. Almazan C, Kocan KM, Bergman DK, Garcia-Garcia JC, Blouin EF, de la Fuente J:
Identification of protective antigens for the control of ixodes scapularis infestations using
cdna expression library immunization. Vaccine 2003;21:1492-1501.
17. Diatchenko L, Lukyanov S, Lau YFC, Siebert PD: Suppression subtractive hybridization:
A versatile method for identifying differentially expressed genes. Cdna Preparation
and Characterization 1999;303:349-380.
18. Antunes S, Galindo RC, Almazan C, Rudenko N, Golovchenko M, Grubhoffer L,
Shkap V, do Rosario V, de la Fuente J, Domingos A: Functional genomics studies of rhipicephalus
(boophilus) annulatus ticks in response to infection with the cattle protozoan
parasite, babesia bigemina. International Journal for Parasitology 2012;42:187-195.
19. Drewes CC, Dias RYS, Hebeda CB, Simons SM, Barreto SA, Ferreira Junior JM,
Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Farsky SHP: Actions of the kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor
amblyomin-x on vegf-a-induced angiogenesis. Toxicon 2012;60:333-340.
20. Maritz-Olivier C, van Zyl W, Stutzer C: A systematic, functional genomics, and reverse
vaccinology approach to the identification of vaccine candidates in the cattle tick,
rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases 2012;3:179-187.
21. Mulenga A, Kim TK, Ibelli AMG: Deorphanization and target validation of cross-tick
species conserved novel amblyomma americanum tick saliva protein. International Journal
for Parasitology 2013;43:439-451.
22. Shahein YE, Abouelella AM, Hussein NA, Hamed RR, El-Hakim AE, Abdel-Shafy S,
Tork SE: Identification of four novel rhipicephalus annulatus upregulated salivary gland
proteins as candidate vaccines. The protein journal 2013;32:392-398.
23. Heekin A, Guerrero F, Bendele K, Saldivar L, Scoles G, Dowd S, Gondro C, Nene V,
Djikeng A, Brayton K: Gut transcriptome of replete adult female cattle ticks, rhipicephalus
(boophilus) microplus, feeding upon a babesia bovis-infected bovine host. Parasitol
Res 2013;Jun 10. [Epub ahead of print]
24. Persson S, Rosenquist M, Sommarin M: Identification of a novel calreticulin isoform
(crt2) in human and mouse. Gene 2002;297:151-158.
25. Kaewhom P, Stich RW, Needham GR, Jittapalapong S: Molecular analysis of calreticulin
expressed in salivary glands of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus indigenous
to thailand. Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases: Prediction and Prevention
2008;1149:53-57.
26. Gao J, Luo J, Fan R, Fingerle V, Guan G, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhao H, Ma M, Liu J, Liu A, Ren
Q, Dang Z, Sugimoto C, Yin H: Cloning and characterization of a cdna clone encoding
calreticulin from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (acari : Ixodidae). Parasitology Research
2008;102:737-746.
27. Parizi LF, Rech H, Sanchez Ferreira CA, Imamura S, Ohashi K, Onuma M, Masuda
A, Vaz IdS, Jr.: Comparative immunogenicity of haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus
(boophilus) microplus calreticulins. Veterinary Parasitology 2009;164:282-290.
28. Rachinsky A, Guerrero FD, Scoles GA: Proteomic profiling of rhipicephalus (boophilus)
microplus midgut responses to infection with babesia bovis. Veterinary Parasitology
2008;152:294-313.
29. Willadsen P, Kemp DH, McKenna RV: Bloodmeal ingestion and utilization as a component
of host specificity in the tick, boophilus-microplus. Zeitschrift Fur Parasitenkunde-
Parasitology Research 1984;70:415-420.
30. Loomis EC: Rearing of boophilus-microplus (acarina-ixodidae) on laboratory rabbit.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1971;64:598.
31. Gonsioroski AV, Bezerra IA, Utiumi KU, Driemeier D, Farias SE, Vaz IdS, Jr., Masuda
A: Anti-tick monoclonal antibody applied by artificial capillary feeding in rhipicephalus
(boophilus) microplus females. Experimental Parasitology 2012;130:359-363.
32. Almazan C, Blas-Machado U, Kocan KM, Yoshioka JH, Blouin EF, Mangold AJ, de la
Fuente J: Characterization of three ixodes scapularis cdnas protective against tick infestations.
Vaccine 2005;23:4403-4416.
33. Broadwater AH, Sonenshine DE, Hynes WL, Ceraul S, De Silva AM: Glass capillary
tube feeding: A method for infecting nymphal ixodes scapularis (acari : Ixodidae)
with the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. Journal of Medical Entomology
2002;39:285-292.
34. Matsuo T, Inoue N, Ruheta MR, Taylor D, Fujisaki K: Tickcidal effect of monoclonal
antibodies against hemocytes, om21, in an adult female tick, ornithodoros moubata (acari
: Argasidae). Journal of Parasitology 2004;90:715-720.
35. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time
quantitative pcr and the 2(t)(-delta delta c) method. Methods 2001;25:402-408.
36. Schefe JH, Lehmann KE, Buschmann IR, Unger T, Funke-Kaiser H: Quantitative real-
-time rt-pcr data analysis: Current concepts and the novel “Gene expression’s c-t difference”
Formula. Journal of Molecular Medicine-Jmm 2006;84:901-910.
37. Zivkovic Z, Torina A, Mitra R, Alongi A, Scimeca S, Kocan KM, Galindo RC, Almazan
C, Blouin EF, Villar M, Nijhof AM, Mani R, La Barbera G, Caracappa S, Jongejan F, de
la Fuente J: Subolesin expression in response to pathogen infection in ticks. Bmc Immunology
2010;11:12.
38. Fliegel L, Burns K, Maclennan DH, Reithmeier RAF, Michalak M: Molecular-cloning
of the high-affinity calcium-binding protein (calreticulin) of skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic-
reticulum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1989;264:21522-21528.
39. Guglielmone AA, Mangold AJ, Aguirre DH, Gaido AB, Deolsen AA: The effect of
infection by babesia sp on some biological parameters of engorged females of boophilus
microplus. Folia Parasitologica 1989;36:1-6.
40. Cen-Aguilar JF, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Dominguez-Alpizar JL, Wagner GG: Studies
on the effect of infection by babesia sp. On oviposition of boophilus microplus engorged
females naturally infected in the mexican tropics. Veterinary Parasitology 1998;78:253-
257.
41. Jaworski DC, Simmen FA, Lamoreaux W, Coons LB, Muller MT, Needham GR: A
secreted calreticulin protein in ixodid tick (amblyomma-americanum) saliva. Journal of
Insect Physiology 1995;41:369-375.
42. Michalak M, Corbett EF, Mesaeli N, Nakamura K, Opas M: Calreticulin: One protein,
one gene, many functions. Biochemical Journal 1999;344:281-292.
43. Xu GA, Fang QQ, Keirans JE, Durden LA: Cloning and sequencing of putative
calreticulin complementary dnas from four hard tick species. Journal of Parasitology
2004;90:73-78.
44. Ferreira CAS, Vaz ID, da Silva SS, Haag KL, Valenzuela JG, Masuda A: Cloning and
partial characterization of a boophilus microplus (acari : Ixodidae) calreticulin. Experimental
Parasitology 2002;101:25-34.
Publicado
2018-09-08
Como Citar
1.
Antunes S, Lérias J, Merino O, do Rosário V, de la Fuente J, Domingos A. Alimentação artificial de Rhipicephalus microplus: Avaliação do efeito de anticorpos policlonais. ihmt [Internet]. 8Set.2018 [citado 5Nov.2024];12:52-9. Available from: https://anaisihmt.com/index.php/ihmt/article/view/191
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