Acesso a cuidados cirúrgicos cardíacos pediátricos para cardiopatias congénitas em países de baixa e média-baixa renda: uma revisão narrativa da literatura
Resumo
Introdução: As cardiopatias congénitas são uma das principais causas de mortalidade infantil em todo o mundo. Devido ao acesso inadequado aos cuidados cardíacos cirúrgicos pediátricos, a carga destas anomalias é ainda maior nos países de renda baixa e média-baixa renda.
Objetivo: Descrever de forma abrangente o acesso aos cuidados cirúrgicos cardíacos pediátricos nos países de renda baixa e média-baixa renda, destacando as disparidades existentes e as possíveis soluções. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre o acesso aos cuidados cirúrgicos pediátricos para crianças com cardiopatias congénitas. Foram recolhidos dados sobre a existência de infraestruturas, força do trabalho, ajuda humanitária, modelos de financiamento, diagnóstico e intervenção percutânea. Também foram obtidos dados epidemiológicos relativos às cardiopatias congénitas em crianças com menos de 1 ano através dos dados do projeto Global Burden of Disease. Resultados: Cerca de 63% das crianças com menos de 1 ano com algum tipo de cardiopatia congénita vive em países de renda baixa e media-baixa renda.A falta de infraestruturas e recursos humanos, bem como a acessibilidade geográfica, financeira e social justificam as grandes disparidades no acesso a cuidados cirúrgicos pediátricos nas diferentes regiões do planeta. Além disso, o diagnóstico atempado é crucial para melhorar os resultados, mas é frequentemente limitado pela falta de recursos e de formação especializada. No entanto, estudos indicam que, mesmo em ambientes com recursos limitados, é possível alcançar resultados positivos nos cuidados cirúrgicos pediátricos. Conclusão: Este estudo revela-nos as desigualdades quanto ao acesso aos cuidados cirúrgicos pediátricos a nível global. O estatuto socioeconómico de um país relaciona-se positivamente com o acesso aos cuidados cardíacos cirúrgicos pediátricos. Algumas das soluções passam pela centralização de recursos, envolver os governos locais na criação de parcerias bilaterais, no aumento da proteção contra o risco financeiro e em programas de apoio externo sustentáveis.Downloads
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