Saúde para o desenvolvimento, parcerias de investigação e equidade: uma revisão de literatura
Palavras-chave:
Parcerias de Investigação, saúde para o desenvolvimento, Equidade, Desigualdades Globais
Resumo
Apesar dos esforços recentes das Nações Unidas em desenvolver parcerias globais para o desenvolvimento, até ao momento não existem instrumentos concretos para avaliar as dinâmicas das parcerias internacionais de investigação ao nível da saúde. A Iniciativa para a Equidade na Investigação assume-se como um mecanismo para colmatar esta lacuna, tendo para esse efeito recolhido um conjunto de documentos e práticas que constituem uma base de evidências sobre as melhores práticas ao nível das parcerias de investigação, em particular na área da saúde.
Neste artigo iremos levar a cabo uma revisão de literatura sobre a base de evidências recentemente criada no âmbito do RFI em relação ao domínio da Equidade de Oportunidade (1). A literatura compilada para esse efeito inclui artigos científicos, relatórios, documentos de estratégia e várias diretrizes, entre outros. Os vários tópicos subjacentes a este domínio incluem temas como o relevo para as comunidades, o envolvimento inicial dos parceiros e práticas equitativas de contratação e de cofinanciamento.
Através da seleção dos documentos mais significativos, iremos elencar as questões, definições e soluções mais relevantes subjacentes ao domínio da equidade de oportunidade, analisando de que forma o RFI promove uma mudança de paradigma ao nível das parcerias de investigação na saúde e na investigação e desenvolvimento de uma forma mais geral.
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Referências
1. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2005). The ethics of research related to healthcare in developing countries: follow-up paper. Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/HRRDC_Follow-up_Discussion_Paper.pdf
2. World Health Organization (2012). The WHO Strategy on Research for Health. Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.who.int/phi/WHO_Strategy_on_research_for_health.pdf
3. Viergever RF et al. (2010). A checklist for health research priority setting: nine common themes of good practice. Health Res Policy Systs. 8: 36, 1-9.
4. Bradley M (2008). On the agenda: North–South research partnerships and agenda-setting processes. Development in Practice 18(6): 673–85.
5. Justice J (1987). Bureaucratic context of international health: a social scientist’s view. Social Science and Medicine 25 (12): 1301-1306.
6. Nuyens Y (2007). Setting priorities for health research: lessons from lowand middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ 85: 319-321.
7. Tomlinson M et al. (2011). A review of selected research priority setting processes at national level in low and middle income countries: towards fair and legitimate priority setting. Health Res Policy Syst 15(9):19.
8. McGregor S, Henderson KJ, Kaldor JM (2014). How are health research priori ties set in low and middle income countries? A systematic review of published reports. PLoS One 9(9): e108787.
9. Carvalho A, Nunes JA (2013). Technology, Methodology and Intervention: Performing Nanoethics in Portugal. Nanoethics 7 (2): 149–160.
10. World Health Organization (2007). Sixtieth World Health Assembly. Eleventh plenary meeting, 23 May 2007 – Committee B, second report. Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHASSA_WHA60-Rec1/E/reso-60-en.pdf
11. Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) (2016). International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research involving Humans. Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://cioms.ch/ethical-guidelines-2016/WEB-CIOMS-EthicalGuidelines.pdf
12. Montorzi G, De Haan S, IJsselmuiden C (2010). Priority setting for research for health. A management process for countries. Geneva: COHRED. Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.cohred.org/downloads/Priority_Setting_COHRED_approach_August_2010.pdf
13. Khan et al. (2017). Assessing of R&D priority setting processes for neglected diseases. Global Observatory on Health R&D Working paper series 1 (preliminary draft). Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.who.int/research-observatory/resources/methods/gohrd_working_paper_series1.pdf
14. White G, Birkel R (1989). Low Priority of Research on Stress-Related Disorders Questioned. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 27(11): 3-36.
15. Tomlinson M et al. (2009). Setting priorities for global mental health research. Bull World Health Organ 87 (6): 438-446.
16. Fuster V et al (2007). Low priority of cardiovascular and chronic diseases on the global health agenda: a cause for concern. Circulation 116: 1966-1970.
17. Commission for Research Partnerships with Developing Countries (KFPE) (2014). A Guide for Transboundary Research Partnerships. Consultado em 11 de setembro de 20017. In: https://naturalsciences.ch/organisations/kfpe/11_principles_7_questions
18. Carvalho A et al. (2017). A implementação da Iniciativa para a Equidade na Investigação. Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical 16 (Supl. 2), 11-20.
19. Small R et al. (1999). Cross-cultural research: Trying to do it better. 2: Enhancing data quality. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 23(4): 390-395.
20. ESSENCE (2014). Seven principles for strengthening research capacity in low- and middle-income countries: simple ideas in a complex world. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/Essence_report2014_OK.pdf
21. Nobes A (2017). Challenges faced by early career researchers in low and middle income countries – how can we support them? Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://gheg-journal.co.uk/2017/01/challenges-faced-early-career-researchers-lmics-support/
22. Uduma O. et al. (2014). Research Capacity Building in Africa: Perceived Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Impacting on the Doctoral Training for Development Programme in Africa. In: Brennan L. (eds) Enacting Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 43-53.
23. Marais D et al. (2013). Where there is no lawyer: Guidance for fairer contract negotiation in collaborative research partnerships. Geneva: Council on Health Research for Development. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.cohred.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Fair-Research-Contracting-Guidance-Booklet-e-version.pdf
24. Larkan F et al. (2016). Developing a framework for successful research partnerships in global health. Glob Health. 12:17. Doi: 10.1186/s12992-016-0152-1
25. IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) (2017). Conflict Resolution Policy. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.nminbre.org/index.php/conflict-resolution-policy
26. Bagshaw D et al. (2007) International research collaboration: Building teams and managing conflicts. Conflict Resolution Quarterly 24: 433–446.
27. Carvalho A (2017) Ecologies of the Self in Practice - meditation, affect and ecosophy. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 99 (2): 207-222.
28. Carvalho A (2014) Subjectivity, Ecology and Meditation: Performing Interconnectedness Subjectivity 7 (2): 131-150.
29. Bammer G (2008). Enhancing research collaborations: Three key management challenges. Research Policy. 37(5):875-887.
30. Research Councils UK (RCUK) (2014). RCUK Pathways to Impact. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/innovation/impacts/
31. Buxton M, Hanney S, Jones T (2004). Estimating the economic value to societies of the impact of health research: a critical review. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation 82: 733-739.
32. Darby S (2017). Making space for co-produced research ‘impact’: learning from a participatory action research case study. Area 49: 230–237.
33. Jasanoff S. (2003). Technologies of humility: citizen participation in governing science. Minerva 41:223-244.
34. Commission on Health Research for Development (HRfD) (1990). Health Research: Essential Link to Equity in Development. New York, Oxford University Press.
35. Webb D et al. (2015). Co-financing for health and development – an affordable innovation. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/blog/2015/7/13/Co-financing-for-health-and-development-an-affordable-innovation.html
36. Edejer TTT (1999). North-South research partnerships: the ethics of carrying out research in developing countries. BMJ. 319:438-41.
37. European Commission (2015a). Rethinking the blueprint for African-EU research. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/news/rethinking-blueprint-african-eu-research
38. European Commission (2015b). Lessons in Co-financing: Second Phase of ERAfrica Planned. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://caast-net-plus.org/story/9
39. OECD (2011). Opportunities, Challenges and Good Practices in International Research Cooperation between Developed and Developing. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/47737209.pdf
40. GAVI (2017). Gavi Co-financing Policy. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.gavi.org/about/programme-policies/co-financing/
41. WHO (2015). Fiscal space, public finance management and health financing: A collaborative agenda. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/153947/5/9789241508506_eng.pdf
42. Glassman A et al. (2012). Priority setting institutions and health recommendations from a center for global development working group. Global Health. 7(1): 13 - 34.
43. Acharya T (2007). Science and technology for wealth and health in developing countries. Global Public Health 2: 53-63.
44. Institut français de recherche pour le développement (IRD) (2014). Reinforcing the research capacities of scientific communities in the South. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://en.ird.fr/partnerships/capacity-building
45. Ogundahunsi OAT et al. (2015). Strengthening Research Capacity—TDR’s Evolving Experience in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(1): e3380.
46. Dean L et al. (2015). Promoting sustainable research partnerships: a mixed-method evaluation of a United Kingdom-Africa capacity strengthening award scheme. Health Research Policy and Systems 13 (81). doi: 10.1186/s12961-015-0071-2
47. Selby-Harrington M et al. (1993). Guidance for managing a research grant. Nursing Res. 41 (1): 54–58.
48. Beran D et al. (2017). Research capacity building—obligations for global health partners. The Lancet Global Health 5(6): 567-568.
49. IJsselmuiden C et al. (2012). Africa’s neglected area of human resources for health research—the way forward. S Afr Med J 102: 236-41.
50. Chu KM et al. (2014). Building research capacity in Africa: equity and global health collaborations. PLoS Med 11: e1001612.
51. Bates I et al. (2006). Evaluating Health Research Capacity Building: An Evidence-Based Tool. PLoS Med 3(8): e299.
52. The Asia Foundation (2009). Financial Management Capacity Building: A commitment to partners. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/IDFinanceGrants.pdf
53. AccountAnts for business (ACCA) (2010). Improving public sector financial management in developing countries and emerging economies. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-technical/public-sector/tech-afb-ipsfm.pdf
54. Klingebiel S, Mahn TC (2011). Briefing Paper 3/2011 - Reforming public financial management systems in developing countries as a contribution to the improvement of governance. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/BP_3.2011.pdf
55. Claussen C (2012). Capacity Building for Financial Management: A Literature Review. United Way of Calgary and Area. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.calgaryunitedway.org/images/uwca/our-work/supporting-non-profits/capacity-building/capacity_building_for_financial_management.pdf
56. Stanford University (2017). Your role in financial management. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://doresearch.stanford.edu/research-scholarship/pi-financial-basics/your-role-financial-management
57. Edwards D et al. (2014). Negotiating Research Contracts – Creating Opportunities for Stronger Research and Innovation Systems. Council on Health Research for Development. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.cohred.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/COHRED-negotiationbookletv-web.pdf
58. Foucault M (1995). Discipline and Punish. New York: Pantheon Books.
59. Scott J (1998). Seeing like a State. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
60. Felt U (2017). Under the Shadow of Time: Where Indicators and Academic Values Meet. Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 3: 53-63.
61. Santos BS (2003). Reconhecer para libertar: os caminhos do cosmopolitanismo multicultural. Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira.
62. Jasanoff S (2005). Designs on Nature. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
63. Santos Pereira T, Carvalho A, Fonseca P (2016). Imaginaries of nuclear energy in the Portuguese parliament: Between promise, risk, and democracy. Public Understanding of Science 26 (3): 289-306.
2. World Health Organization (2012). The WHO Strategy on Research for Health. Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.who.int/phi/WHO_Strategy_on_research_for_health.pdf
3. Viergever RF et al. (2010). A checklist for health research priority setting: nine common themes of good practice. Health Res Policy Systs. 8: 36, 1-9.
4. Bradley M (2008). On the agenda: North–South research partnerships and agenda-setting processes. Development in Practice 18(6): 673–85.
5. Justice J (1987). Bureaucratic context of international health: a social scientist’s view. Social Science and Medicine 25 (12): 1301-1306.
6. Nuyens Y (2007). Setting priorities for health research: lessons from lowand middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ 85: 319-321.
7. Tomlinson M et al. (2011). A review of selected research priority setting processes at national level in low and middle income countries: towards fair and legitimate priority setting. Health Res Policy Syst 15(9):19.
8. McGregor S, Henderson KJ, Kaldor JM (2014). How are health research priori ties set in low and middle income countries? A systematic review of published reports. PLoS One 9(9): e108787.
9. Carvalho A, Nunes JA (2013). Technology, Methodology and Intervention: Performing Nanoethics in Portugal. Nanoethics 7 (2): 149–160.
10. World Health Organization (2007). Sixtieth World Health Assembly. Eleventh plenary meeting, 23 May 2007 – Committee B, second report. Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHASSA_WHA60-Rec1/E/reso-60-en.pdf
11. Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) (2016). International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research involving Humans. Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://cioms.ch/ethical-guidelines-2016/WEB-CIOMS-EthicalGuidelines.pdf
12. Montorzi G, De Haan S, IJsselmuiden C (2010). Priority setting for research for health. A management process for countries. Geneva: COHRED. Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.cohred.org/downloads/Priority_Setting_COHRED_approach_August_2010.pdf
13. Khan et al. (2017). Assessing of R&D priority setting processes for neglected diseases. Global Observatory on Health R&D Working paper series 1 (preliminary draft). Consultado em 10 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.who.int/research-observatory/resources/methods/gohrd_working_paper_series1.pdf
14. White G, Birkel R (1989). Low Priority of Research on Stress-Related Disorders Questioned. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 27(11): 3-36.
15. Tomlinson M et al. (2009). Setting priorities for global mental health research. Bull World Health Organ 87 (6): 438-446.
16. Fuster V et al (2007). Low priority of cardiovascular and chronic diseases on the global health agenda: a cause for concern. Circulation 116: 1966-1970.
17. Commission for Research Partnerships with Developing Countries (KFPE) (2014). A Guide for Transboundary Research Partnerships. Consultado em 11 de setembro de 20017. In: https://naturalsciences.ch/organisations/kfpe/11_principles_7_questions
18. Carvalho A et al. (2017). A implementação da Iniciativa para a Equidade na Investigação. Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical 16 (Supl. 2), 11-20.
19. Small R et al. (1999). Cross-cultural research: Trying to do it better. 2: Enhancing data quality. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 23(4): 390-395.
20. ESSENCE (2014). Seven principles for strengthening research capacity in low- and middle-income countries: simple ideas in a complex world. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/Essence_report2014_OK.pdf
21. Nobes A (2017). Challenges faced by early career researchers in low and middle income countries – how can we support them? Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://gheg-journal.co.uk/2017/01/challenges-faced-early-career-researchers-lmics-support/
22. Uduma O. et al. (2014). Research Capacity Building in Africa: Perceived Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Impacting on the Doctoral Training for Development Programme in Africa. In: Brennan L. (eds) Enacting Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 43-53.
23. Marais D et al. (2013). Where there is no lawyer: Guidance for fairer contract negotiation in collaborative research partnerships. Geneva: Council on Health Research for Development. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.cohred.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Fair-Research-Contracting-Guidance-Booklet-e-version.pdf
24. Larkan F et al. (2016). Developing a framework for successful research partnerships in global health. Glob Health. 12:17. Doi: 10.1186/s12992-016-0152-1
25. IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) (2017). Conflict Resolution Policy. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.nminbre.org/index.php/conflict-resolution-policy
26. Bagshaw D et al. (2007) International research collaboration: Building teams and managing conflicts. Conflict Resolution Quarterly 24: 433–446.
27. Carvalho A (2017) Ecologies of the Self in Practice - meditation, affect and ecosophy. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 99 (2): 207-222.
28. Carvalho A (2014) Subjectivity, Ecology and Meditation: Performing Interconnectedness Subjectivity 7 (2): 131-150.
29. Bammer G (2008). Enhancing research collaborations: Three key management challenges. Research Policy. 37(5):875-887.
30. Research Councils UK (RCUK) (2014). RCUK Pathways to Impact. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/innovation/impacts/
31. Buxton M, Hanney S, Jones T (2004). Estimating the economic value to societies of the impact of health research: a critical review. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation 82: 733-739.
32. Darby S (2017). Making space for co-produced research ‘impact’: learning from a participatory action research case study. Area 49: 230–237.
33. Jasanoff S. (2003). Technologies of humility: citizen participation in governing science. Minerva 41:223-244.
34. Commission on Health Research for Development (HRfD) (1990). Health Research: Essential Link to Equity in Development. New York, Oxford University Press.
35. Webb D et al. (2015). Co-financing for health and development – an affordable innovation. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/blog/2015/7/13/Co-financing-for-health-and-development-an-affordable-innovation.html
36. Edejer TTT (1999). North-South research partnerships: the ethics of carrying out research in developing countries. BMJ. 319:438-41.
37. European Commission (2015a). Rethinking the blueprint for African-EU research. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/news/rethinking-blueprint-african-eu-research
38. European Commission (2015b). Lessons in Co-financing: Second Phase of ERAfrica Planned. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://caast-net-plus.org/story/9
39. OECD (2011). Opportunities, Challenges and Good Practices in International Research Cooperation between Developed and Developing. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/47737209.pdf
40. GAVI (2017). Gavi Co-financing Policy. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.gavi.org/about/programme-policies/co-financing/
41. WHO (2015). Fiscal space, public finance management and health financing: A collaborative agenda. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/153947/5/9789241508506_eng.pdf
42. Glassman A et al. (2012). Priority setting institutions and health recommendations from a center for global development working group. Global Health. 7(1): 13 - 34.
43. Acharya T (2007). Science and technology for wealth and health in developing countries. Global Public Health 2: 53-63.
44. Institut français de recherche pour le développement (IRD) (2014). Reinforcing the research capacities of scientific communities in the South. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://en.ird.fr/partnerships/capacity-building
45. Ogundahunsi OAT et al. (2015). Strengthening Research Capacity—TDR’s Evolving Experience in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(1): e3380.
46. Dean L et al. (2015). Promoting sustainable research partnerships: a mixed-method evaluation of a United Kingdom-Africa capacity strengthening award scheme. Health Research Policy and Systems 13 (81). doi: 10.1186/s12961-015-0071-2
47. Selby-Harrington M et al. (1993). Guidance for managing a research grant. Nursing Res. 41 (1): 54–58.
48. Beran D et al. (2017). Research capacity building—obligations for global health partners. The Lancet Global Health 5(6): 567-568.
49. IJsselmuiden C et al. (2012). Africa’s neglected area of human resources for health research—the way forward. S Afr Med J 102: 236-41.
50. Chu KM et al. (2014). Building research capacity in Africa: equity and global health collaborations. PLoS Med 11: e1001612.
51. Bates I et al. (2006). Evaluating Health Research Capacity Building: An Evidence-Based Tool. PLoS Med 3(8): e299.
52. The Asia Foundation (2009). Financial Management Capacity Building: A commitment to partners. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/IDFinanceGrants.pdf
53. AccountAnts for business (ACCA) (2010). Improving public sector financial management in developing countries and emerging economies. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-technical/public-sector/tech-afb-ipsfm.pdf
54. Klingebiel S, Mahn TC (2011). Briefing Paper 3/2011 - Reforming public financial management systems in developing countries as a contribution to the improvement of governance. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/BP_3.2011.pdf
55. Claussen C (2012). Capacity Building for Financial Management: A Literature Review. United Way of Calgary and Area. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.calgaryunitedway.org/images/uwca/our-work/supporting-non-profits/capacity-building/capacity_building_for_financial_management.pdf
56. Stanford University (2017). Your role in financial management. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: https://doresearch.stanford.edu/research-scholarship/pi-financial-basics/your-role-financial-management
57. Edwards D et al. (2014). Negotiating Research Contracts – Creating Opportunities for Stronger Research and Innovation Systems. Council on Health Research for Development. Consultado em 11 de Setembro de 2017. In: http://www.cohred.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/COHRED-negotiationbookletv-web.pdf
58. Foucault M (1995). Discipline and Punish. New York: Pantheon Books.
59. Scott J (1998). Seeing like a State. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
60. Felt U (2017). Under the Shadow of Time: Where Indicators and Academic Values Meet. Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 3: 53-63.
61. Santos BS (2003). Reconhecer para libertar: os caminhos do cosmopolitanismo multicultural. Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira.
62. Jasanoff S (2005). Designs on Nature. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
63. Santos Pereira T, Carvalho A, Fonseca P (2016). Imaginaries of nuclear energy in the Portuguese parliament: Between promise, risk, and democracy. Public Understanding of Science 26 (3): 289-306.
Publicado
2018-06-22
Como Citar
1.
Carvalho A, Arriscado Nunes J, Hartz Z. Saúde para o desenvolvimento, parcerias de investigação e equidade: uma revisão de literatura. ihmt [Internet]. 22Jun.2018 [citado 21Dez.2024];16:93-04. Available from: https://anaisihmt.com/index.php/ihmt/article/view/62
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Artigo de Revisão
