Uma nova ameaça à nossa porta: consequências da dispersão do vírus da dengue num mundo em constante mudança
Resumo
Dos arbovírus transmitidos por mosquitos, o vírus da dengue (DENV) é aquele que maior impacto exerce sobre a saúde humana. Ainda que a sua dispersão esteja, em parte, dependente das condições ambientais que determinam a dispersão do seu principal vetor (Aedes aegypti), a sua distribuição pelo planeta tem sido imparável. Embora essencialmente circunscrito a ambientes tropicais e subtropicais, este vírus afeta cerca de 1/3 da população mundial. A inexistência de uma vacina eficaz ou de terapêutica especificamente dirigida contra este vírus tornam o controlo dos seus principais vetores a principal arma de que dispomos para limitar a sua circulação. No entanto, a maioria das infeções são inaparentes e a maior parte das manifestações clínicas são indistintas, sendo genericamente englobadas na categoria das síndromes febris. Assim, a presença deste vírus nem sempre é fácil de detetar. Adicionalmente, o estabelecimento de populações vetoriais em ambientes urbanos abre oportunidade à aproximação entre vírus e humanos, e ao estabelecimento de epidemias em locais, a priori, pouco prováveis para que tal acontecesse. O surto de dengue na Madeira em 2012-2013 foi disso exemplo. Mais do que o impacto na saúde e economia locais, esta situação veio revelar o quão difícil é o controlo de circulação de arvobírus patogénicos, numa Europa parcialmente colonizada por outro dos seus principais vetores (Ae. albopictus) se poderá revelar.
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Referências
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Madeira, Portugal”. Euro Surveill., 12: E071115.6.
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Piedade, J. & Esteves, A. (2008) - “Potential mosquito vectors of arboviruses in
Portugal: species, distribution, abundance and West Nile infection”. Trans R Soc Trop
Med Hyg., 102: 823-832.
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different areas of southern Portugal, 2004-2007”. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis., 10:
673-680.
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for the first autochthonous cases of dengue fever in Madeira island, Portugal,
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aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from urban areas of Jaipur (Rajasthan) and Delhi”. J Commun
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7. Brown, J.E., Scholte, E.J., Dik, M., Den Hartog, W., Beeuwkes, J. & Powell,
J.R. (2010) - “Aedes aegypti mosquitoes imported into the Netherlands, 2010”.
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and domestic African mosquito species in dengue emergence”. Am J Trop Med Hyg.,
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Forms/ECDC_DispForm.aspx?ID=1077.
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(2010) - “Autochthonous dengue fever in Croatia, August-September 2010”. Euro
Surveill., 16: 19805.
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(2007) - “Evidence of vertical transmission of dengue virus in two endemic localities
in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico”. Intervirology, 50: 347-352.
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I. & Halstead, S.B. (2000) - “Epidemiologic studies on Dengue in Santiago de
Cuba, 1997”. Am J Epidemiol., 152: 793-799.
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hypothesis: confirming observations, 1987-2007”. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg., 102:
522-523.
19. Halstead, S.B. (1974) - “Etiologies of the experimental dengues of Siler and
Simmons”. Am J Trop Med Hyg., 23:974-982.
20. Halstead, S.B. (2009) - “Antibodies determine virulence in dengue”. Ann N Y
Acad Sci., 1171 Suppl 1: E48-56.
21. Halstead, S.B., Streit, T.G., Lafontant, J.G., Putvatana, R., Russell, K., Sun, W.,
Kanesa-Thasan, N., Hayes, C.G. & Watts, D.M. (2001) - “Haiti: absence of dengue
hemorrhagic fever despite hyperendemic dengue virus transmission”. Am J Trop Med
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22. Harris, E., Holden, K.L., Edgil, D., Polacek, C. & Clyde, K. (2006) - “Molecular
biology of flaviviruses”. Novartis Found Symp., 277: 23-39.
23. Heinz, F.X. & Stiasny, K. (2012) - “Flaviviruses and flavivirus vaccines”. Vaccine,
30: 4301-4306.
24. Joshi, V., Singhi, M. & Chaudhary, R.C. (1996) - “Transovarial transmission of
dengue 3 virus by Aedes aegypti”. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg., 90: 643-644.
25. Joshi, V., Mourya, D.T. & Sharma, R.C. (2002) - “Persistence of dengue-3 virus
through transovarial transmission passage in successive generations of Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes”. Am J Trop Med Hyg., 67: 158-161.
26. La Ruche, G., Souarès, Y., Armengaud, A., Peloux-Petiot, F., Delaunay, P., Desprès,
P., Lenglet, A., Jourdain, F., Leparc-Goffart, I., Charlet, F., Ollier, L., Mantey,
K., Mollet, T., Fournier, J.P., Torrents, R., Leitmeyer, K., Hilairet, P., Zeller,
H., Van Bortel, W., Dejour-Salamanca, D., Grandadam, M. & Gastellu-Etchegorry,
M. (2010) - “First two autochthonous dengue virus infections in metropolitan
France, September 2010”. Euro Surveill., 15: 19676.
27. Le Goff, G., Revollo, J., Guerra, M., Cruz. M., Barja Simon, Z., Roca, Y., Vargas
Florès, J. & Hervé, J.P. (2011) - “Natural vertical transmission of dengue viruses
by Aedes aegypti in Bolivia”. Parasite, 18: 277-280.
28. Leitmeyer, K.C., Vaughn, D.W., Watts, D.M., Salas, R., Villalobos, I., De Chacon,
Ramos, C. & Rico-Hesse, R. (1999) - “Dengue virus structural differences that
correlate with pathogenesis”. J Virol., 73: 4738-4747.
29. Louis, C. (2012) - “Daily newspaper view of dengue fever epidemic, Athens,
Greece, 1927-1931”. Emerg Infect Dis., 18: 78-82.
30. Messer, W.B., Gubler, D.J., Harris, E., Sivananthan, K. & De Silva, A.M. (2003)
- ”Emergence and global spread of a dengue serotype 3, subtype III virus. Emerg
Infect Dis., 9: 800-809.
31. Mitchell, C.J. & Miller, B.R. (1990) - “Vertical transmission of dengue viruses
by strains of Aedes albopictus recently introduced into Brazil”. J Am Mosq Control Assoc.,
6: 251-253.
32. Mukhopadhyay, S., Kuhn, R.J. & Rossmann, M.G. (2005) - “A structural perspective
of the flavivirus life cycle”. Nat Rev Microbiol., 3: 13-22.
33. Mulyatno, K.C., Yamanaka, A., Yotopranoto, S. & Konishi, E. (2012) - “Vertical
transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti collected in Surabaya, Indonesia, during
2008-2011”. Jpn J Infect Dis., 65: 274-276.
34. Paho. (2009) - Eligibility for Blood Donation: Recommendations for Education
and Selection of Prospective Blood Donors. Washington D.C.: Pan American
Health Organization [05.10.2012] (disponível em http://www2.paho.org/hq/
dmdocuments/2009/EligiBlood09EN.pdf).
35. Pang, T., Cardosa, M.J. & Guzmán, M.G. (2007) - “Of cascades and perfect
storms: the immunopathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever-dengue shock syndrome
(DHF/DSS)”. Immunol Cell Biol., 85: 43-45.
36. Rezza, G., Nicoletti, L., Angelini, R., Romi, R., Finarelli, A.C., Panning, M.,
Cordioli, P., Fortuna, C., Boros, S., Magurano, F., Silvi, G., Angelini, P., Dottori,
M., Ciufolini, M.G., Majori, G.C., Cassone, A. & Chikv Study Group (2007) - “Infection
with chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region”. Lancet,
370: 1840-1846.
37. Roberts, D.R., Peyton, E.L., Pinheiro, F.P., Balderrama, F. & Vargas, R. (1984)
- “Associations of arbovirus vectors with gallery forests and domestic environments
in southeastern Bolivia”. Bull Pan Am Health Organ., 18: 337-350.
38. Rosen, L., Shroyer, D.A., Tesh, R.B., Freier, J.E. & Lien, J.C. (1983) - “Transovarial
transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes: Aedes albopictus and Aedes
aegypti”. Am J Trop Med Hyg., 32: 1108-1119.
39. Scott T.W. & Takken, W. (2012) - “Feeding strategies of anthropophilic mosquitoes
result in increased risk of pathogen transmission”. Trends Parasitol., 28: 114-121.
40. Shroyer, D.A. (1990) - “Vertical maintenance of dengue-1 virus in sequential
generations of Aedes albopictus”. J Am Mosq Control Assoc., 6: 312-314.
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Publicado
2018-09-08
Como Citar
1.
Soares Parreira RM, Marques da Silva de Atouguia JL, Sousa CA. Uma nova ameaça à nossa porta: consequências da dispersão do vírus da dengue num mundo em constante mudança. ihmt [Internet]. 8Set.2018 [citado 5Nov.2024];12:46-1. Available from: https://anaisihmt.com/index.php/ihmt/article/view/190
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