Análise temporal e distribuição espacial de variantes de SARS-CoV-2
Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar a dinâmica temporal das variantes de SARS-CoV-2 em Caruaru, Pernambuco, entre junho de 2020 e julho de 2022, e correlacionar com dados de cobertura vacinal, óbitos e casos de síndrome respiratório agudo grave (SRAG).
Métodos: Foram identificadas 722 amostras positivas para SARS-CoV-2. Dados de cobertura vacinal, mortalidade e SRAG foram coletados do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) e da Secretaria de Saúde de Caruaru.
Resultados: A Linhagem B foi a mais prevalente no início da pandemia, seguida pelas VOCs Gama, Delta e Omicron (também conhecida como linhagem B.1.1.529). A cobertura vacinal foi associada à diminuição do número de infeções e óbitos, especialmente após a introdução da segunda dose e das doses de reforço. A variante Omicron causou um aumento nos casos de SRAG e óbitos, mas de forma menos intensa do que as variantes anteriores.
Conclusão: A vigilância genómica do SARS-CoV-2 é crucial para o monitoramento da pandemia e para a tomada de decisões em saúde pública. A vacinação é uma ferramenta essencial para o controle da COVID-19, mesmo com o surgimento de novas variantes.
Downloads
Referências
Covid-19: boletim semanal da Secretaria de Saúde – 15/08/2023 a 21/08/2023 | Prefeitura de Caruaru - PE n.d. https://caruaru.pe.gov.br/covid-19-boletim-semanal-da-secretaria-de-saude-15-08-2023-a-21-08-2023/ (accessed July 18, 2024).
Pessoa-e-Silva R, Oliveira PSSD, Gonçalves SMC, Guarines KM, Carvalho LYDN, Correia MAB, et al. Enhanced rapid commercial DNA extraction kit for the molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Easy adaptation to current protocols. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021;54:e0270-2021. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0270-2021.
Machado LC, Dezordi FZ, De Lima ERO, De Lima KI, Silva LCA, Pereira LDM, et al. Spatio-temporal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 lineages during 2020-2021 in Pernambuco – Brazil 2023. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.25.23284831.
Costa VA da, Crispim JG, Pereira MC, Rego MJB de M, Pitta MG da R, Rosa MM da. COVID-19: Dados epidemiológicos e medidas de saúde pública em Pernambuco. Inova Saúde 2024;14:182–90.
Park HJ, Gonçalves CS, Bar ST, Kelly JD, Rutherford GW, Wachter RM, et al. Comparing frequency of booster vaccination to prevent severe COVID-19 by risk group in the United States. Nat Commun 2024;15:1883. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45549-9.
Yeh T-Y, Lin T-P, Yao Y-C, Hsu C, Yien A-M-F, Chen S-L-S, et al. New insights into the trajectories of omicron-related all-cause death reduced by COVID-19 booster vaccination. Journal of Infection and Public Health 2024;17:735–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.006.
Aguirre-Aguilar A, Overvides-Munoz MA, Rodriguez-Aguilar KO, Ovalle-Zarate A, Romero-Gallardo RD, Robles-Zamora A, et al. Omicron and Delta variant prevalence detection and identification during the fourth COVID-19 wave in Mexico using wastewater-based epidemiology. JID Regions 2024;10:44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiregi.2023.11.005.
He X, He C, Hong W, Zhang K, Wei X. The challenges of COVID-19 Delta variant: Prevention and vaccine development. MedComm 2021;2:846–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.28.
O’Dowd A. Covid-19: Cases of delta variant rise by 79%, but rate of growth slows. BMJ 2021:11596. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1596.
Singh P, Anand A, Rana S, Kumar A, Goel P, Kumar S, et al. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination: a global perspective. Front Public Health 2024;11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1272961.
Wei SC, Freeman D, Himschoot A, Clarke KEN, Van Dyke ME, Adjemian J, et al. Who Gets Sick From COVID-19? Sociodemographic Correlates of Severe Adult Health Outcomes During Alpha- and Delta-Variant Predominant Periods: September 2020-November 2021. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2024;229:122–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad357.
Arbel R, Hammerman A, Sergienko R, Friger M, Peretz A, Netzer D, et al. BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster and Mortality Due to Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021;385:2413–20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2115624.
Candelli M, Pignataro G, Torelli E, Gullà V, Nista EC, Petrucci M, et al. Effect of influenza vaccines on COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study. Intern Emerg Med 2021;16:1849–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-021-02702-2.
Johnson AG, Amin AB, Ali AR, Hoots B, Cadwell BL, Arora S, et al. COVID-19 Incidence and Death Rates Among Unvaccinated and Fully Vaccinated Adults with and Without Booster Doses During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Emergence - 25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4-December 25, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:132–8. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e2.
Nealon J, Cowling BJ. Omicron severity: milder but not mild. Lancet 2022;399:412–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00056-3.
Sezen S, Senoglu S, Karabela SN, Yesilbag Z, Borekci D, Canbaloglu Line E, et al. Risk factors and the impact of vaccination on mortality in COVID-19 patients. BLL 2022;123:440–3. https://doi.org/10.4149/BLL_2022_068.
Xu S, Huang R, Sy LS, Hong V, Glenn SC, Ryan DS, et al. A safety study evaluating non-COVID-19 mortality risk following COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine 2023;41:844–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.036.
Wolter N, Jassat W, Walaza S, Welch R, Moultrie H, Groome M, et al. Early assessment of the clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: a data linkage study. The Lancet 2022;399:437–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00017-4.
Nyberg T, Ferguson NM, Nash SG, Webster HH, Flaxman S, Andrews N, et al. Comparative analysis of the risks of hospitalisation and death associated with SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants in England: a cohort study. The Lancet 2022;399:1303–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00062-7.
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.